Abstraction
India has the second largest population in the world and one of the fastest growing economies in the world. India has a promising future, given the unprecedented growth of the economy and its impact on global issues. India is spinning in the wake of a giant boom in a new computer-controlled economy. Many developed countries of the world are looking for a huge audience of professionals in the field of English in India. As the world transforms into a knowledge society, India also competes proportionately with the world. With the increasing number of Internet users and the development of information and communication technologies in India, they have boasted the development of e-commerce in a global economic society. In the IT sector, India is flourishing as a superpower. In recent years, India has achieved rapid success in the IT sector, especially in software services and IT services. In this article, we analyze the picture of the IT industry in the near future in India and India’s contribution to the global information technology sector.
Introduction
Since the 1950s, IBM has had a virtual monopoly on computers in India. The release of the 360th series in the 1960s was the main workplace of large organizations. They even maintained a network of programmers who could write software for their machines. However, in 1978, when George Fernandez’s Ministry of Industry at that time commanded IBM to attract local shareholders to its subsidiary, the company refused strictly and returned after completing all of its operations in India. Then his former employees created Computer Maintenance Corporation, the main task of which is to support IBM computers.
In the period 1995-2000, the Indian IT industry registered a CAGR (Compounded Annual Growth Rate) of more than 42.4 percent, which is almost twice the growth rate of the IT industries in many developed countries. For more information, contact AMCHAM National Secretariat, New Delhi. Foreign companies, especially American companies, have played a vital role in transforming India into a powerful new IT power in the world. These MNCs account for almost 22 percent of Indian software exports. According to the latest NASSCOM estimates, in 2001-2002, multotechnical companies infotech exported software worth Rs. 6500 crore from india. The country's total software exports were tied to Rs. 29400 crores. With regard to investment and growth, US companies such as Cognizant Technologies (the largest export revenue earning MNC), IBM, Oracle, GE, Cisco, Compaq, Intel, among others, lead MNC in the information technology sector. Nine of the top 20 Indian IT companies from the United States. They account for more than 37% of the turnover of the top 20 firms operating in India. Despite significant contributions to the IT sector, these companies face a number of procedural and operational problems in India.
However, the volume of e-commerce in India is far below the levels reached in the United States, which is about 1 percent of total GDP in 1999. In addition, the expected volume of e-commerce in India in 2001 (US $ 255.3) million is also lower than expected levels compared with Australia (US $ 3 billion) by China (US $ 586 million). United States), South Korea ($ 876 million) and Hong Kong ($ 685 million) not at all.
Time has changed the way we do business. What should have been known to few and limited to home cities seemed to be the ancient method of doing this work. Modern brands work all over the world, that is, they are successful not only in one particular region, but also have deepened their roots in every corner of the world that you can think about.
Information technology is what constitutes the most important sector in today's business trend. This is because you cannot be present everywhere to follow the work, but with the help of networks and communications you can always keep in touch with your other business websites.
ICT approaches India
The reform space - the economic crisis after 1991 - gave impetus to the Indian economy, especially the ICT sector. As part of the reform agenda, the Government of India has taken important steps to promote ICT, including the creation of a world market policy in 1988, with particular emphasis on developing software for exports; telecommunications policy reform; privatization of national long-distance and mobile telephony markets; and developing a more integrated approach to ICT. Despite the fact that the success of India has attracted increasing attention and investment, it has not yet led to the distribution of social and economic benefits among the leading population base. Challenges, including the perception of an unfavorable regulatory climate, an overloaded judicial system, poor infrastructure and costly access and limited use of ICT, remain. The emerging shift in government strategy aimed at using high-intensity services has created a more favorable climate for solving the problem of business, domestic infrastructure, education and the use of ICT to meet development needs.
Policy: India’s orientation towards self-industrialization in the 1970s and 1980s was replaced by reforms aimed at positioning India in the global economy: the process of foreign direct investment was streamlined, new sectors were opened for foreign direct investment and property, and the government freed the ICT industry from corporate income tax for five years. These reforms have helped India become more integrated into the global economy by increasing the export of software and high-intensity software services, such as call centers.
In 1986, the government of India announced a new software policy to serve as a catalyst for the software industry. This was followed in 1988 with the help of World Market Policy and the creation of a software technology scheme in India (STP). As a result, the Indian software industry has grown in just $ 150 million. USA in 1991-1992 to a staggering $ 5.7 billion. The United States (including software exports of more than $ 4 billion.) In 1999-2000, which means an annual growth rate of over 50 percent.
The creation of the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was a key step towards the effective implementation of telecommunication reforms. In 1992, the mobile phone market was opened to private operators, in 1994, the fixed services market followed, and finally, in 1999, national intercity operations were opened to private competition. Prior to these reforms, the Department of Telecommunications was the only provider of telecommunications services.
In addition, to attract foreign direct investment, the government allowed foreign capital up to 100 percent and duty-free imports on all investments. The government-created technology parks also offered professional employment services for clients, a cost-effective program for India, since ICT work is so inexpensive by global standards.
Infrastructure: the share in India reached 3.5% of the population. Approximately 1 percent of households have fixed lines of communication, compared with 10 percent in China. The mobile sector has about 3 million users, which is 100 percent per year, and is expected to outrun the fixed-line market in the near future. The number of Internet accounts is about 1.5 million. People, which is 50 percent per year. India also has a very high level of penetration of terrestrial television, cable and radio. Wireless voice and data solutions, both domestically and export markets, are increasingly being manufactured and used locally.
Access to telephones in Indian villages has improved over the past five to six years, thanks to the introduction of a public call (PCO) conducted by local shopkeepers. Over 60 percent of villages in India have at least one telephone. It also includes more than 800,000 rural telephones (VPT). Worldtel is conducting a pilot experiment in four states to provide funding for upgrading rural telephones, so they will soon be available on the Internet.
In some urban areas, Indian computer technology parks (STPs) provide infrastructure, buildings, electricity, telecommunications facilities, and high-speed satellite channels to facilitate export processing of software.
India also has a number of progressive computerized networks, including a stock exchange, a passenger reservation system for Indian Railways, and the National Informatics Center Network (NICNET), which connects government agencies at central, state, and district levels.
Enterprise: A well-proven framework for the protection of intellectual property rights was an important incentive for business investment: well-known international trademarks were protected by Indian laws, even if they were not registered in India. In 1999, large legislation was passed to protect intellectual property rights in accordance with international practice and in accordance with the TRIPS obligations of India.
Much of the initial domestic demand incentives for the ICT and ICT services industry in India come from the government: 28 percent of total IT spending so far can be attributed to government and public sector spending. The main areas of public spending include financial services, taxation, customs, telecommunications, education, defense, and public infrastructure. As a result of the growing use of ICT in India, the ICT industry itself has also increased its domestic economic activity, for example, a number of ICT companies have developed accounting and word processing packages in Indian languages. The potential impact of this growth on the domestic economy is much clearer than developing export-only software.
Human potential. Despite the relatively low literacy rate among the general population, India has several key advantages in human capital: a large English-speaking population and world-class educational institutions, research and management institutions are a direct result of investments in self-sufficiency in science and technology. In addition to creating Indian technology institutes in different cities of India, in order to create a large pool of technical skills, the government has a computer policy to promote R & D on personal computers. The IT training sector continues to grow at a rapid pace: total income from training in 1998 was estimated at $ 225 million, which is 30 percent more than in the previous year. However, one of the biggest challenges for the Indian software industry remains the difficulty in attracting and retaining talented professionals.
Content and Applications: India has a large population with a large linguistic diversity. Creating and maintaining locally relevant content for a country with 418 languages is a problem. However, local language content gradually makes ICT more relevant and accessible to the leader across the population. For example, in India, the Advanced Computing Development Center recently launched a scheme called iLEAP-ISP to create a free multilingual word processor that will be available to all Internet subscribers. On other fronts, some states, such as Tamil Nadu, have launched their own initiatives to support software standardization in the local language through interface programs that can be adapted to word processors, dictionaries, and commercial keyboards for use in schools, colleges, government offices, and homes ,
Emphasis has also been placed on developing appropriate e-government applications in India. Some states, such as Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh, have begun to introduce applications that allow citizens to have faster and more transparent access to public services, such as providing information about laws and regulations, as well as obtaining licenses and official documents on the Internet.
Strategic agreement: a public-private partnership initiated by the Ministry of Information Technology has played a key role in the development of India in the field of ICT. One of the positive results of these efforts was the IT Law of 2000, which was based on the recommendation of the National IT Task Force and aimed at defining a common strategy for the IT sector. In addition, the government and the private sector are beginning to unite to promote ICT development. For example, the joint effort of the computer science automation department at the Indian Institute of Science and a private company in Bangalore developed a simplex, a low-cost microcomputer that allows illiterate users to browse the Internet.
India’s development and contribution to the global information technology sector has the highest reputation. Cities like Bangalore have become the favorite (most preferred) destinations of all major banners, such as HSBC, Dell, Microsoft, GE, Hewlett Packard, and several Indian multinational national firms, such as Infosys Technologies, Wipro and Microland, which have established their offices in city. This is because the city offers good infrastructure, a large area and large telecommunications facilities. This can be judged on the basis of India’s high growth rates and changes in company prospects for India.
It is because of this growth that many popular brands that have not yet established rigid offices in the country are quickly seeking appointments in India. For example, Sun Microsystems, a global IT specialist, announced in Bangalore to double the current work of the Sun India Engineering Center (IEC) from the current 1,000 to 2,000 in the next two years. IEC, which is the largest research and development center for Sun outside the US, will also focus on product development in India in line with the needs of the Indian market, which will be geared to global markets.
This rapid growth of the IT sector is unreasonably associated with the efforts of the Indian government and other events that have been undertaken in other parts of the world.
There is an era in the country when IBM closed its store in India in 1950, the mainframes that were imported into the country were from Russia. The western computer could not be imported because of the American embargo on the export of high-tech equipment to India, which was considered an ally of the Soviet Union.
Slowly, over time, when the country was able to develop its first powerful parallel computer in 1991, known as CDAC, by combining a number of less powerful computers.
With time and continuous growth throughout the world, the country continued to struggle and became the world leader in the information technology sector.
In 1999-2000, the industry grew to $ 5.7 billion. USA (including software exports of more than 4 billion dollars. USA), and since 1991 the annual growth rate does not fall below 50 percent.
It exports software and services to almost 95 countries around the world. The share of exports of North America (USA and Canada) in India is about 61%.
Indian labor is not only cheap, but also technically qualified for world class. This is due to the fact that the Indian education system includes in the curriculum a course of practical knowledge about the latest technologies developed in the world, as well as knowledge of the English language, which improves the compatibility of the Indian technician to communicate and work in the world.
In addition, India’s geographical position is an advantage to be halfway around the world off the west coast of the United States, which is another reason why India is the preferred destination of many major brands.
In addition, the presence of a large number of Indians, especially engineers, in the United States gave India an easy entry into the US software market.
What adds more to India’s dominance in the information technology sector is government policy, such as adopting cybernetics laws to protect and defend the interests of software companies in India.
The creation of the Information Technology Parks of India (STPI), the Ministry of Information Technology, the Government of India and the International Technology Park as part of a joint project of the state government, the TATA Group and the Singapore Consortium to promote and facilitate software exports is another important step in the growth of the Indian information technology sector .
Аналогичным образом в 1991 году был создан промышленный парк, известный как Electronic City, в котором приняли участие более сотни электронных отраслей, включая Motorola, Infosys, Siemens, ITI и Wipro, площадью около 330 акров.
Промышленный парк содействия экспорту, построенный рядом с Международным технологическим парком, предоставляет эксклюзивные 288 акров области для бизнеса, ориентированного на экспорт. GE имеет свой индийский технологический центр, расположенный в этом парке, и использует сотни мероприятий по разработке многодисциплинарных технологий.
Другие рекламные мероприятия, которые привели Индию к этой позиции, включают проект ИТ-коридора. Концептуализированный Сингапуром Jurong Town Corporation Private Ltd, проект ИТ-коридора был инициирован Департаментом информационных технологий и Управлением развития Бангалора, чтобы разработать современные средства для развития отраслей, основанных на знаниях.
Мысль некоторых ИТ-лидеров мира о Индии
«Экономический рост будет способствовать более эффективному управлению, а лучшее управление будет способствовать росту экономики»
SV, NYC, США
Люди и сообщества в целом считают, что они не имеют возможности изменить ситуацию
Джузар Сингх Сангха, Бедфорд
Индия должна больше заботиться о деревенском населении, которое все еще борется за то, чтобы жить должным образом
Джон Карондукадавиль, Индия, Проживание в Ясло, Польша
Индия может стать сверхдержавой, если она сосредоточится на нише технологического рынка
Девяни Прабхат, Джерси-Сити, США
Индия должна противостоять своим навыкам и кризису заработной платы
Паллави, Сидней, Австралия
Надеюсь, Индия поведет мир к более гуманному и терпимому будущему
Нилеш, Антверпен, Бельгия
Индия должна принять решительные и четкие решения, чтобы стать глобальным игроком
Nivedita Nadkarni, Мэдисон, США
Индия - страна, которая получает экономическое обоснование в мире
Джастин, Бристоль, Великобритания
Теперь индийцы должны развивать чувство национальной гордости
Лейла, США
Индия никогда не будет сверхдержавой, а тем более глобальной державой
Джонатан, Бостон, США
В Индии произошло резкое увеличение предполагаемого числа ВИЧ-инфекций
Сезай, Эскишехир, Турция
Экономический успех Индии строится на жертвах предыдущих поколений
Шехар Скиндиа, Эдисон, Нью-Джерси, США
В то время как индийский экономический рост обнадеживает, его устойчивость сомнительна
Сигизмунд Уилсон, Сьерра-Леоне в Мичигане, США
Conclusion
Индия является идеальным решением для всех компаний, которые ищут дешевую, но технически квалифицированную рабочую силу, у которой есть инновационные умы и современное состояние для работы над проектом. Широкие возможности обеспечивают идеальные условия работы. Для отдыха кибер-законы существуют для мониторинга и защиты интересов каждого, связанного с ИТ-сектором.
Все эти причины способствуют тому, что Индия станет самым обожаемым местом для многих компаний. , Таким образом, мы можем заключить:
• Индия готова к взрывному росту ИКТ
• Индия стала глобальным центром исследований и разработок
• От утечки мозгов до усиления мозга
• Миллионы рабочих мест будут созданы в областях ИКТ и других новых технологий
• Вопросы качества должны быть решены
• Институты мирового уровня частного сектора появятся с глобальными партнерствами
• Индия вернет свое древнее наследие самой современной цивилизации, основанной на знаниях, которая называется «Бхарат».
Индия станет складом ИТ в мире
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Рекомендации
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4. Индийская перспектива по ИТ и инженерным программам, Виджай Бхаткар, Международный институт информационных технологий, Пуна, Индия
5. Насском
6. Ануранджан Мисра «Программный аутсорсинг из Индии» Национальный семинар по стратегиям аутсорсинга бизнес-процессов », IIMS, Bareilly, INDIA, декабрь 08-09 2004.
7. Ануранджан Мисра «Индия - развивающаяся международная энергетическая держава» Международный семинар по Индии 25 лет и здесь, IIMS, Bareilly, INDIA, Fev. 08,2006.
