-->

Type something and hit enter

By On
advertise here
Media Law and Women's Rights in India-2

Introduction

The rights of women, as a term, usually refer to the freedoms inherent in

women and girls of all ages who may be institutionalized, ignored or illegally

repressed by law, custom, and behavior in a particular society. These freedoms

grouped and differentiated from broader notions of human rights because they

often differ from the freedoms inherent or recognized by men and boys,

and because the activity associated with this issue claims to be inherent in historical and traditional

deviation from women's rights.

Questions commonly associated with women's rights include, although not

limited to the right to physical integrity and autonomy; vote (universal suffrage); at

hold public office; work; fair wages or equal pay; own property; to education; at

to serve in the military; enter into legal contracts; and have matrimonial, parental and

religious rights. Today, women in most countries can vote, own property, work in many

various occupations and occupy government positions. These are some of the rights of modern

female. But women were not always allowed to do such things, like

the experience of most men throughout history. Women and their supporters

and in some places continue to carry out long campaigns to win the same rights as

modern men and considered equal in society.

The evolution of women's rights in India

The position of women in ancient India

The situation of women has long been miserable in all aspects of life and its

the submission of men was throughout history. She didn't feel

independent and so, with a few exceptions.

Women in the Vedic period enjoyed equal status with men and independence in action.

Not only did they take place of honor, but also had the right to freely participate in social

activities. They were allowed to pursue academic achievements and share with their families.

life with full energy. They could freely choose their marital partner and freely use

will enter marriage slavery.

The privileges enjoyed by women in the Vedic period were short-lived, and

women began to decline since the last Vedic period. Lumber after the Vedic period

appearance of manusmrithi. Manu's orders unify the individuality of the wife

with her husband and recommended strict exemptions for women and strict

discipline for widows. Glorifying motherhood and allowing women all freedom in

managing the household, he allowed child marriage and polygamy. at

The women of the Dharma-shastra are unequivocally equated with the sudras. Even gita

the place of women, vaisyas and sudras in the same category and describes them as

sinful birth. Moreover, women bring life into terrible misfortune. Women were denied

the right to equal educational opportunities as well as employment.

inhuman system. was distributed as a binding custom. Widows were not only

were not allowed to remarry, but they were also not allowed to live after their death

husband. There was also a Purdy system, women had to cover her face

and the body with a bathrobe when it should have been seen in public. It was not only deprivation

women's rights, but they were also a social evil that haunted ancient Indians

society. Other evils that affected women in ancient India were child marriage,

female infanticide, dowry system, etc.

During the British rule, many new rules were adopted to repeal certain social issues.

which have a direct impact on women's rights. Many social reformers during

This period includes Raja Ram Mohan Roy worked to cancel the system

Sati and restored in his place the right of the widow to remarry. More attention was

in order to provide opportunities for the advancement of women, such as

learning opportunities for women, etc.

After independence, most social evils, such as the Sati system, child marriage, woman

infanticide, etc., which adversely affected the rights of women, were canceled. More laws

were adopted to ensure equal status of women with men in the field of education and

employment opportunities, laws were also passed to prevent discrimination against

women by gender. India’s Constitution also provides for

to protect the rights of women. In the public sector was done

the ratio of the number of women and bring it in line with the male population. Indian

The Criminal Code also took strict measures to combat crimes against women. criminal

penalties were imposed for crimes involving rape, domestic violence

against women, prostitution, etc. The law on the prohibition of dowry also provides for punishment

in the provision and adoption of a dowry. Recently, a prosecution prevention bill was passed

women in their jobs.

International conventions for the protection and promotion of women's rights

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

(CEDAW), adopted in 1979 by the UN General Assembly, is often described as

international bill of rights for women. Composed of a preamble and 30 articles, it defines

what constitutes discrimination against women and sets the agenda for national action

to end such discrimination.

The Convention defines discrimination against women as "... any distinction, exclusion

or a restriction made on the basis of sex, which has the effect or purpose of impairment or

the annulment of recognition, exercise or exercise by women, regardless of their marriage

status based on the equality of men and women, human rights and fundamental

freedoms in political, economic, social, cultural, civil or any other field. ”

By accepting the Convention, States are committed to carrying out a series of

measures to end discrimination against women in all forms, including:

To include the principle of equality of men and women in their legal system, repeal

all discriminatory laws and take appropriate measures prohibiting discrimination against

women; Create tribunals and other government agencies to ensure effective protection

women against discrimination; and ensure the elimination of all acts of discrimination

against women by individuals, organizations or enterprises.

The Convention provides a framework for the realization of equality between women and men.

by ensuring equal access of women to equal opportunities in political and public life

life - including the right to vote and run for election - as well as education, health care

and employment. The participating States agree to take all appropriate measures, including

legislation and temporary special measures so that women can use all their

rights and fundamental freedoms.

The convention is the only human rights treaty that confirms reproductive rights.

women and targeted cultures and traditions as influential forces that determine gender roles and

family relationships. He confirms the rights of women to acquire, change or retain their citizenship

and the nationality of their children. The participating States also agree to take appropriate measures.

against all forms of trafficking in women and the exploitation of women.

Countries that have ratified or acceded to the Convention are legally obligated

provisions in practice. They also pledged to submit national reports at least

every four years, about the measures they have taken to fulfill their contractual obligations.

United Nations Declaration on the Protection of Women and Children in Emergencies and Armed Conflict

Considering the need to provide special protection for women and children belonging to

civilian population solemnly proclaims this Declaration on the Protection

Women and children in emergencies and armed conflicts and calls for

adherence to the Declaration by all Member States:

1. Attacks and bombings on civilians causing immense suffering

especially women and children who are the most vulnerable members

population is prohibited, and such actions must be condemned.

2. The use of chemical and bacteriological weapons during military operations

is one of the most flagrant violations of the Geneva Protocol of 1925,

The 1949 Geneva Conventions and the principles of international humanitarian law and

inflicts heavy losses on civilians, including defenseless women and children,

and will be severely convicted.

3. All States fully comply with their obligations under the 1925 Geneva Protocol and

Geneva Conventions of 1949, as well as other international law instruments

respect for human rights in armed conflicts that provide important guarantees

to protect women and children.

4. All efforts should be made by States involved in armed conflict, military operations in

foreign territories or military operations in territories under colonial rule, until

save women and children from the ravages of war. All necessary steps must be taken.

to ensure the prohibition of such measures as harassment, torture, punitive measures,

degrading treatment and violence, especially regarding this part of the civilian population

which consists of women and children.

5. All forms of repression and cruel and inhuman treatment of women and children,

including imprisonment, torture, shooting, mass arrests, collective punishment,

the destruction of homes and the forced evictions committed by the warring parties during

military operations or in the occupied territories are considered criminal.

6. Women and children belonging to the civilian population, and

emergency situations and armed conflicts in the struggle for peace, self-determination,

national liberation and independence or living in the occupied territories,

must not be deprived of housing, food, medical care or other inalienable rights, in

in accordance with the provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, International Covenant on

Economic, social and cultural rights, the Declaration of the Rights of the Child or other

international law instruments.

United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women

The declaration is mainly aimed at protecting women from torture. For the purposes of this

Declaration, the term "violence against women" means any act of gender-based violence.

which causes or may cause physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering

women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty,

whether in public or private life.

Article 2

It should be understood that violence against women covers, but is not limited to,

following:

(a) Physical, sexual and psychological violence that occurred in the family, including

beating, sexual abuse of female children in the family, dowry-related violence,

marital rape, female genital mutilation and other traditional methods detrimental to women,

non-spouse and exploitation violence;

(b) Physical, sexual and psychological abuse occurring in general

including rape, sexual assault, sexual harassment and bullying at work, in

educational facilities elsewhere, trafficking in women and forced prostitution;

(c) physical, sexual and psychological violence committed or condoned by the state,

wherever it happens.

The declaration aims to make the world a safer place for women and to use

their rights without any encumbrances.

Women's Rights Project ACLU

Since 1972, the draft Law on Women's Rights ACLU has worked to empower women and

promotion of equality. Many people, before and after, have contributed to our efforts.

The Women's Rights Project focuses on four main areas:

Employment

WRP proponents, on behalf of low-paid immigrant women, are working to eliminate

social security inequalities and seeks to end discrimination in the workplace.

Violence against women

The WRP is committed to promoting the civil rights of battered women, helping women in their

efforts to ensure the safety of their children and their children as well

employment discrimination experienced by so many battered women, especially low income and women of color.

Criminal law

WRP treats harm to women and girls who are passionate about the criminal and underage

justice systems, including their conditions of detention and the consequences of sentencing

and imprisonment policies for women and their children.

education

The WRP is dedicated to ensuring that public schools are not divided by gender, and that

girls and boys get equal opportunities for education.

Legislation in India for the protection of women

The main laws of women in India are as follows:

Law on the immoral movement (warning), 1956. Law on immoral movement aimed at

prevention of immoral acts using women. It provides punishment for women

trafficking in persons, prostitution, brothel conservation, etc.

The role of the media in protecting women's rights

The media plays a very important role in raising awareness among the female community.

about their inalienable rights that they have lost for many centuries. Media games

the role of savior in which the power to protect and improve the rights of women

appropriated. Media through its visual broadcasting should project the pitiful and miserable

living and living conditions of women in rural India. More documentary and screen games

the design of women's rights should be transmitted through visual media. Media play

important role in coordinating the activities of social workers who play an important role

in an effort to establish the rights of women. Print media through various magazines meant

exclusively for women entails a place in a world dominated by men. Media have certain

forums specifically for promoting and promoting women's interest.

The media through their various agencies help agitate and speak out against any invasion of

women's rights. In modern age, crimes against women have also become very

The media has been an active tool for expressing such acts and attracting such illegal

acts in the eyes of the authorities concerned and thus saves the problem as a hot spot

which requires urgent attention. The media also acts as an effective tool for educating people.

against committing such brutal actions against the female community and thus

keeping their purity and holiness. Media also through various debates and

discussions help legislators in identifying new areas for legislative

protect women.

The negative impact of the media on women's rights

The media has both positive and negative consequences for the rights of women. mass media

has led to an increase in the violation of the right to privacy of a woman. mass media

through obscene publications and visual presentations have degraded

women in modern society. Modern films tend to glorify violence and, as a result

pouring such ideas into the minds of youth. The media played a significant role in

promotion and distribution of pornographic materials, in turn, will lead to

trafficking in women, trafficking in the flesh, etc. Media is the cornerstone in shaping life

a new generation, because most of the modern generation is glued to them. Media through

films and publications, as a rule, fundamentally revolutionize the minds of people without

their knowledge and awareness. Therefore, there must be strict verification and control

content that is transmitted and published through the media. It is this concept that laid

the development of media laws.

The laws of the media and its evolution in India

In India, the Press is free, but subject to certain reasonable restrictions imposed by

Constitution of India, 1950, as amended (“The Constitution”). Before exposure

there was globalization, the media was completely controlled by the government, which

let the media pursue only what the government wanted the public to see and somehow in

which he wanted the public to see. However, with the advent of globalization and

privatization, the situation has undergone tremendous changes.

Before the invention of communications satellites, communications were mainly in

Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ° Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… БМИ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ государствСнных, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ частных, Π² Индии ΠΈ Π·Π° Ρ€ΡƒΠ±Π΅ΠΆΠΎΠΌ. Then

«Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°» с Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Satellite

поставка ΠΈ ISDN (цифровая ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ с ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Π³Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ услугами), Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚: мСстноС Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, глобальноС

Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… систСм.

Π’ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΡƒΡŽ ​​эпоху подъСма срСдств массовой ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ становится Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π½Π°Π²ΡΠ·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΡŽΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅

ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ограничСния Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡Ρƒ ΠΈ связь. Π’ Π½Π°Π΄Π»Π΅ΠΆΠ°Ρ‰Π΅Π΅ врСмя этой ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ,

ΠΌΡ‹ обсудим Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ аспСкты срСдств массовой ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΡŽΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ

управляя ΠΈΠΌΠΈ.

Π˜ΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ пСрспСктива Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΎ БМИ

Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ БМИ Π² Индии ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΡƒΡŽ ΠΈΡΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΡƒΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π½Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² странС.

ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ британского правлСния. Π‘Π°ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π½Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ рСгулирования ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ

Π² 1799 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π»ΠΎΡ€Π΄ Уэллсли ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» ПолоТСниС ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ

эффСкт ввСдСния ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Ρ†Π΅Π½Π·ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ Π² индустрии Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° для Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ…. Начало

Π² 1835 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΡ… Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ рСпрСссивным

особСнности ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Ρ‹Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π² ΠΏΠΎ этому вопросу.

ПослС этого 18 июня 1857 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ приняло Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ…, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ срСди

Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅Ρ‰ΠΈ, Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡ†Π΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ для владСния ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ эксплуатации

ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡˆΠΈΠ½Ρ‹; ΡƒΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΠΈΠ» ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ распространСниС

любой Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΏΡ€Π΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ

распространСниС заявлСний ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ новостСй, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ Π²Ρ‹Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ„ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΡ€

ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ самым ослабив Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ‚.

Π—Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ послСдовал Π°ΠΊΡ‚ .Press and Registration of Books. Π² 1867 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚

ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² силС Π΄ΠΎ Π΄Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹. Π“Π΅Π½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»-Π³ΡƒΠ±Π΅Ρ€Π½Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ Π›ΠΎΡ€Π΄ Π›ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»

Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎ прСссС. ΠΎΡ‚ 1878 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Ρƒ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ

писания, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ мятСТными, ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»Π°Π³Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡˆΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ„Π½Ρ‹Π΅ санкции Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ

ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π΅ смог ΡƒΠΏΠ°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² линию. Π’ 1908 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ Π»ΠΎΡ€Π΄ ΠœΠΈΠ½Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹. (ΠŸΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ

ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ), 1908 Π³., Π² соотвСтствии с ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌ мСстныС власти приняли ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°

любой Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹, которая ΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»Π° Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ΅ считаСтся ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΡŽ.

Однако самым Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ ​​Π² истории Π Π΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π° БМИ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ 26-Π΅ ΠΈΠ·

Π―Π½Π²Π°Ρ€ΡŒ 1950. Π² дСнь вступлСния Π² силу ΠšΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΈ. ΠšΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ

ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡ†Π΅Π² заставил ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π‘Π²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π°

ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠ°. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, такая свобода Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° Π² ΠšΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΡŽ; Ρ€Π°ΡΡˆΠΈΡ€ΡΡ‚ΡŒ возмоТности

ΠŸΡ€Π΅ΡΡΠ° для распространСния Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² массах ΠΈ Π£Ρ‡Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌ собрании, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ,

Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΠ» Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‰Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ это. Π‘Π²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π° прСссы. ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ. Π₯отя, индийский

Π’ ΠšΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΈ прямо Π½Π΅ упоминаСтся свобода ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ, ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ

свобода прСссы Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Π° Π² свободу слова ΠΈ выраТСния Π² соотвСтствии со ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ΠΉ 19

(1) (Π°). Однако умСстно ΡƒΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ такая свобода Π½Π΅ являСтся Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ, Π°

ΠΊΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ограничСниями согласно ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ 19 (2) Π² интСрСсах

общСствСнности.

Π—Π΄Π΅ΡΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ эта свобода согласно ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ 19 (1) (Π°) Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ

ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π΅Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅, ΡƒΠ±Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ пСриодичСскими изданиями, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΠΌΡ„Π»Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹,

листовки, листовки, циркуляры ΠΈ всС ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚

информация ΠΈ ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅:

Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, хотя свобода ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ гарантируСтся ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ,

Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ для Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎ с Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ области

Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±ΡˆΠΈΡ€Π½ΠΎΠ΅ распространСниС Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΎ БМИ.

ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° Π² ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… БМИ

Π‘Π²ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΄Π° прСссы ΠΈ свобода выраТСния ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ самой основой

дСмократичСской Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ правлСния. КаТдоС Π΄Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ прСдприятиС участвуСт Π²

Π½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, государства ΠΈ сообщСства, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ½ дСйствуСт. Π˜Π·Π΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚ находят

сами Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ допустимы Π² силу ΡŽΡ€ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ.

нСсмотря Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ свобода ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π½Π° индийской конституциСй.

Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΎ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ с

ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°, Π½Π°Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ носитСли:

_ Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΠΈ ΠΈ рСгистрации ΠΊΠ½ΠΈΠ³, 1867 Π³ΠΎΠ΄. Настоящий Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡˆΠΈΠ½Ρ‹

ΠΈ Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΡΡ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ с Π½Π°Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠžΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ для всСх

ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡˆΠΈΠ½Ρ‹.

_ _ Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎ прСссС (Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ вопросы), 1951 Π³ΠΎΠ΄. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ постановлСниС прСдусматриваСт

ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈ публикация ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π° ΠΊ прСступлСниям ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π»Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ вопросы.

_ _ Π“Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚Π° (Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‹ ΠΈ страницы), 1956 Π³ΠΎΠ΄. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ

ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρƒ Π³Π°Π·Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊ количСству страниц ΠΈ

Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ распрСдСлСниС пространства для Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ‹.

ΠŸΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° вСщания

БрСдства массовой ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠΌ Индии. Частный

ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ участвовали Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π² коммСрчСской Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ спонсорствС

programs. Однако Π² Π‘Π΅ΠΊΡ€Π΅Ρ‚Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Ρ‚Π΅ министСрства I & B ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² CAB1 Π’Π΅Ρ€Ρ…ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ суд

ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΎΡ‚ Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ΡƒΠΏΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ монополистичСского ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ

Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Ρ‡Ρƒ ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡ†ΠΈΡŽ зритСлям / ΡΠ»ΡƒΡˆΠ°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ любого Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ события

Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· элСктронныС срСдства массовой ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠΎ, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ условии, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ

Π½Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ элСктронныС БМИ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ такая монополистичСская Π²Π»Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²Π°

Π½Π΅ ΡƒΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡŒ Π½ΠΈΠ³Π΄Π΅ Π² ΠšΠΎΠ½ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‚ΡƒΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΌ Π²

страна.

Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, это Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΎ ΠΊ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ измСнСнию полоТСния, ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²

Π²Π΅Ρ‰Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… БМИ, ΠΈ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ сСктор стал ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚Ρ‹ΠΌ для Π³Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΄Π°Π½.

1 (1995) 2 SCC 161

Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π±Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… сСтях (Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅) 1995 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² основном Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ

КабСльноС Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ Индии ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ подписки ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΡƒΡŽ сумму

количСство всСх подписчиков, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡ‹, ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅. AT

Π² соотвСтствии с Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎ Ρ‚Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ сСти (Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅) (ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΊΠ°), 2002 Π³ΠΎΠ΄,

Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° кабСльного тСлСвидСния ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ

Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΡƒ любого ΠΏΠ»Π°Ρ‚Π΅ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π° Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· Π°Π΄Ρ€Π΅ΡΠ½ΡƒΡŽ систСму, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π°

Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ увСдомляСт ΠΎΠ± этом. Π’ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ количСство бСсплатных

Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡˆΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Π² ΠΏΠ°ΠΊΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ обслуТивания

Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌ. Индия являСтся ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅.

Π’ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈ основныС сфСры Π΄Π΅ΡΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. производство, распространСниС ΠΈ выставка,

индустрия ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ всСиндийскоС распространСниС, нанимая тысячи людСй ΠΈ занимаясь

ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π»ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ Π² Π³ΠΎΠ΄. Π Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‹, Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ созданиС ΠΈ

Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΡ‹: -

Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Π΅ 1952 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Π΅ 1952 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π±Ρ‹Π» принят

ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡΠΌΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ² для выставок посрСдством

ΠšΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„. Π’ соотвСтствии с этим Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚ кинСматографичСских Ρ†Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² (Ρ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π² Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ совСт

сСртификации Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ²) с ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ… ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ

ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ для Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ выставки, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ для выставки ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ

для взрослых. Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ санкции Π·Π° Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌ для ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ выставки.

Π’ Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅ К. А. Аббаса ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ² Индии, Π·Π°ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ Π²ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Π΅ оспорил Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ

Ρ†Π΅Π½Π·ΡƒΡ€Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡ΡŒ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹Ρ€Π°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π’Π΅Ρ€Ρ…ΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ

Однако Π‘ΡƒΠ΄ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ», Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ†Π΅Π½Π·ΡƒΡ€Π° Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ² Π² соотвСтствии с Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Ρ„Π΅ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π°

обоснованному Π² соотвСтствии со ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ΠΉ 19 (2), Π½Π° Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ основании, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΡ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚

Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡ‹ искусства ΠΈ выраТСния, ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΊΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌ смог Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ эмоции

Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π³Π»ΡƒΠ±ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, классификация Ρ„ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ двумя катСгориями. (Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ для взрослых)

ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ‹. (для всСх) Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΎ принСсСно2.

2 AIR 1971 SC 481

advertising

РСкламная коммуникация - это сочСтаниС искусств ΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ‡ΠΈΠ½ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ этичСским ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌ. AT

Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π½Π° потрСбитСля, Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ этичной. it

Π½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π²Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ потрСбитСля Π² Π·Π°Π±Π»ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Если Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ получится, Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅ потСряно.

Π’ цСлях обСспСчСния соблюдСния этичСского Ρ€Π΅Π³Π»Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ кодСкса Π‘ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΠΎ стандартам Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ‹ Индии

Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° создана. Π’Π΄ΠΎΡ…Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ УправлСния стандартов Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ‹ (ASA) Π’Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ±Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ,

ASCI слСдуСт ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌ основным ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½Ρ†ΠΈΠΏΠ°ΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Π΄ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒΡΡ

рСкламная ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π² интСрСсах потрСбитСля: -

· ΠžΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ правдивости ΠΈ чСстности прСдставлСний ΠΈ Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, сдСланных

Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡƒ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΎΡ‚ вводящСй Π² Π·Π°Π±Π»ΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ‹;

· ΠžΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ° Π½Π΅ оскорбила общСпринятыС стандарты публичности

ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ;

· ΠžΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΎΡ‚ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠ·Π±ΠΈΡ€Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ использования Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΡ‹ для продвиТСния ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅

ΡΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ опасными для общСства ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ для ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π»ΠΈΡ† Π² ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ стСпСни ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ

Π½Π΅ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ΠΌ для общСства Π² Ρ†Π΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ; and

· ΠžΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠ° соблюдала ΡΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Π±ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΠΈ

Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Ρ‹ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Π΅ Π² Ρ€Ρ‹Π½ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСстах ΠΈ ​​ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ… общСпринятых

ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² бизнСсС.

Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΎ БМИ ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π°ΠΌ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½

Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ ΠΎ срСдствах массовой ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²ΠΎ Π½Π° обСспСчСниС ΠΈ сохранСниС ΠΏΡ€Π°Π² ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½.

МСдиа рСгулируСтся Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΈ

принятиС Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΎ БМИ. Π­Ρ‚ΠΈ Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ прямой стимул для Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½.

right Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΎ срСдствах массовой ΠΈΠ½Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² соотвСтствии с Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ, Ρ€Π΅Π³ΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹Π΅ БМИ,

Π½Π°ΠΆΠΌΠΈΡ‚Π΅ Π°Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ‚Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΠΌΠΎΡ‰Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π΅. Π—Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‹ БМИ Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½.

прямо, Π½Π΅ позволяя ΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ БМИ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΆΡƒΡ€Π½Π°Π»Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚

наносят ΡƒΡ‰Π΅Ρ€Π± интСрСсам ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ‰ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² ΠΈΡ… Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΡƒΡŽ Тизнь.




Media Law and Women's Rights in India-2


Media Law and Women's Rights in India-2

Click to comment