According to the American Psychiatric Association, as indicated in their diagnostic and statistical guidelines, IV-TR, ADD (attention deficit disorder) and ADHD (attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity disorder) for many years contain numerous labels. There are three different types of ADHD.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, especially inattentive type (ADD)
This type of absent-minded and inattentive disorder is commonly called ADDITION or attention deficit disorder.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, predominantly impulsive and hyperexpression (ADHD)
Children diagnosed with this disorder often react before they think, making their actions impulsive. These children also show signs of uncontrollable motivations for movement.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Combined (ADHD)
Children in this group are distracting, inattentive and impulsive.
Common signs and symptoms of ADD
ADD usually does not become problematic until the child is in the third or fourth grade. The following signs and symptoms are usually present for a period of time that is at least six months in several conditions (at home, school, events, etc.).
o Short coverage
o forgetting
o easily distracted
o Due to problems with organizational skills
o Doesn’t seem to be listening
o Unable to complete school assignments, duties and activities
o Often turns out to be lazy, unselfish and effortless
Signs and symptoms of ADHD
A hyperactive and impulsive child may begin to show the signs and symptoms below, before they fall into first grade. Parents who have children who cannot sit at preschool age and are constantly here from the teacher that their child is “much more active than other children” usually see some other signs presented below when their child is at home, in shops, restaurants and other public places outside the school.
o Interrupts when others talk or fail
o Constantly leaving the chair or wriggling in the chair
o Difficult to play or perform a task quietly.
o Runs, jumps and displays a lot of energy at the appropriate time.
o Conflicts with peers
o Constantly refers to people or objects without permission
o Talks excessively
o It seems to require constant monitoring and direction
o Hard to change
A child with ADHD usually develops at least six of these signs and symptoms over a period of at least six months. Parents who have a child with ADHD often report that their child is difficult to manage, and the parent is usually exhausted by the end of the day. Shouts, arguments and shouts are often found with ordinary characters. Manipulation and the demand for more can also be common. Besides the fact that the parent becomes exhausted, the child is usually also depleted.
ADD / ADHD is a medical diagnosis and parents
Diagnosing ADD / ADHD is a medical solution. Parents have the right to receive a second or third third opinion. Parents who receive the best medical advice often report that their child is rated by a trained doctor and nurses who specialize in this area. Medical institutions that employ specialists in the field of education and training, who work directly with doctors, children, schools and their families, are objects that often make the correct diagnosis when it comes to this disorder. Insurance companies often cover a percentage of the cost. It is a good idea to check your insurance company before making a decision.
Other common questions parents have before moving on
What causes ADD / ADHD?
Medical experts believe that brain structure and function play a role in the onset of ADD and ADHD. The frontal lobe of the brain (located near our forehead) was often the concentration point on the part of medical research groups. Through the use of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), these groups found that the frontal lobes are 3-4% less in children diagnosed with ADD / ADHD. Medical science also believes that one of the main sources of brain energy, glucose, is used less in areas that control attention in adults who have been diagnosed with ADD / ADHD than in adults who have not been diagnosed with this condition.
Is there a cure for ADD / ADHD?
Not yet. There is no known treatment for ADD / ADHD. However, for many children and adults, behavioral therapies, medications, and school and parenting strategies, which include teaching children how to overcome them, have proven to be successful interventions. Studies show that only one of three children diagnosed with ADD / ADHD is able to overcome the disorder in adulthood. Since there is currently no cure, the focus was on minimizing the symptoms. When parents and educators working with children begin to assume the long-term nature of this disorder, it is easier to manage it.
What treatments or interventions work?
There are many interventions that appear to reduce the severity of ADD / ADHD. Behavioral changes that occur both at home and at school have been used to control this disorder. Medical institutions that specialize in working with children who are ADD / ADHD may recommend a behavioral therapist who can help the child in replacing unwanted thinking, which leads to appropriate behavior. There are many different forms of behavioral therapy that include cognitive therapy, dialectic therapy and rational emotional therapy, cognitive therapy. Behavioral therapy is a form of psychotherapy that a trained, licensed therapist uses. Parents can also be taught behavioral modification techniques that can be used at home. Some of these methods will be presented later.
Social skills & # 39; learning is another intervention that has helped children with ADD / ADHD. Children are taught how to interact with their peers and family members, practicing acceptable social behavior. Some health facilities that evaluate ADHD also provide support groups for social skills. Another variant of this intervention is offered through special educational programs in numerous public schools. Consult with your classroom teacher, school principal, or special education director about accessibility.
Drug use is another option that parents may want to consider after the child has been diagnosed with ADD / ADHD. There were some disagreements about the use of drugs to treat children and adults who were diagnosed with this disorder. Some of the controversial sets are from the fact that some doctors have rethought a certain medicine without making proper estimates for ADD / ADHD.
The following specialists in the field of medicine and education usually participate in the assessment process:
o Pediatricians development
o Clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
o Pediatric neurologist
o Pediatricians
What happens during an ADD / ADHD evaluation?
Usually the assessment process includes the following process:
o The parent (s) and the child meet together and separately with a professional to discuss why they are and what they think is happening.
o Private parents are often asked to complete a parent questionnaire about the many situations that they see in their behavioral and academic performance.
o The child’s teacher (s) are asked to complete a teacher questionnaire.
o The evaluator will be the administrator of the standard IQ test (the most commonly used test is the Wechsler test).
o An evaluation of learning disorders can also be given to eliminate learning disabilities.
o Computerized estimates may include TOVA, as well as other concentration estimates.
o The evaluator will consider all assessments individually and as one before meeting you for recommendations.
What if my child has problems with homework?
Most parents of ADD / ADHD children report that homework is the most difficult part of educating their child in relation to school. When you think about it, there are many steps that a child must follow before the homework is even completed.
o Listen to the appointment
o Understand the assignment
o Write down the assignment
o Do not forget to bring the task (and books, if necessary) home
o Do not forget to complete the task
o Don't forget to ask for help.
o Do not forget to waste your time, concentrate, concentrate
o Don't forget to do your best.
o Do not forget to pack the task
o Do not forget to bring the task to the class
o Do not forget to translate the task to the teacher
Each step can be a serious problem. So, here are some things that parents can do to help:
1. Help your child in the organization. Don't do everything by organizing yourself ... just help:
o Working with a child to organize a bedroom, backpack, school locker, etc.
o Ask to see the notebook. (Middle and middle schools) Most schools now require them.
> Place a poster of the daily routine on the child’s bedroom, which tells you what the child should do every day. Do not get carried away. Make it simple and accurate. The same tablet panel can also be placed on the outside cover of your child’s school notebook. A poster may include:
Wake up at 7:00
Shower at 7:10
Eat breakfast at 7:25
Brush your teeth at 7:35 am
Get the backpack at 7:40
Go to the bus at 7:45
o Some ADD / ADHD children managed to wear a watch that beeps to remind them to complete the task for later instructions.
o Ask your child to study at the same place at the same time of day when it is possible. Make sure that the decor in the room is not too busy looking or distracting the child’s eye. No music and no TV!
o Create published rules for your child. Be consistent on a daily basis. One hour of TV per day means exactly that! For more information, see the chapter on rules.
o Be consistent in assigning your children's responsibilities and performing household chores every day. Have the duties listed and placed in a place where your child can read them every day.
o Create incentives or rewards that you give your child to follow established rules and the following “natural rewards” procedures. Natural rewards or incentives - this is what your child usually gets with one catch - they earn it! Such rewards can include pizza (or favorite food) with friends, sleep with friends, rent or order a movie or lunch with you! Make it simple and good within your budget. You do not want to teach your child that he or she needs to complete a task in order to receive a reward. You really want to teach your child that after the routine work they will succeed.
o A portion of the remuneration plan may include a point system. Create a system in which your child can earn points for completing a task or performing a routine procedure during the day. Help your child set a goal to reach a certain amount of points in a week, month, and year. Place an incentive for each total score achieved. Set up a chart or graph so that the child can see their achievements. Keep it positive.
Hard questions!
What should I do when my child throws a tantrum?
If you are in a shared setting, leave the setting as soon as possible with your child. Tell your child that "the time will come." Be calm, but be intent. If you are at home, your child should get a “time out”. “Time out” means that the child is assigned to a certain room to cool down, be safe and start all over again. Small children can be physically placed in a timeout zone. Big children can become a danger for themselves and for others, including for you. For this reason, verbally direct the child to a safe time-out place. The “time-out” should continue only until the child cools down and controls his behavior.
Nothing works. Now what should I do?
As soon as you realize that parenting (no matter who your child is going through) is not a “button” event, the sooner you will calm down and become a patient and understand the needs of your child. No parent can tell you (without lies) that all his or her parental experiences were positive and fun. Keep trying. Don't give up too soon. A work strategy can take weeks or even months. You can always ask for help from a school counselor or psychologist. Your doctor may also contact an ADD / ADHD specialist for further assessments or assistance. Do not go! The plan may work, and your child does not immediately notify you, making noticeable improvements. Improvements may occur in school, and your child “just lets go” at home. It is important for you to communicate with other adults working with your child.
I do not believe in medication. Now what should I do?
Do not be harsh on yourself or on your doctor to offer medication for your child's ADD / ADHD. Stop and think for a minute. Is there a chance that you need more information about the medicine that your doctor recommends? Is it possible that someone who makes sense has provided you with information contrary to your doctor’s advice about medications? If so, find a second medical report. The drug is not the only answer, and in this case, you can use other methods, such as behavior modification, to help your child with ADD / ADHD. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children with ADD / ADHD be placed in “combination treatment: including behavioral medication therapy.
For the most part, medications have helped millions of children diagnosed with ADD / ADHD and other disorders. However, treatment will help reduce symptoms, and not cure the disorder. You answer! All you can do is to seek the best medical diagnosis and options for reducing symptoms.
Stimulants short-acting:
These stimulants are most often prescribed in "divided doses", which are given 2-3 times a day. They usually last 3-5 hours. Dexedrine, dextrostat, methylin, focalin and ritalin are short-acting stimulants.
Intermediate stimulants:
These stimulants are usually taken once or twice a day for the last four to eight hours. Adderall, Metadate ER, Ritalin SR, Methylin ER and Dexedrine Spansule are intermediate stimulants.
Long-acting stimulants:
Concerta, Ritalin LA, Adderall XR and Metadate CD are all long-acting stimulants. Usually they are prescribed once a day and last 8-12 hours.
The above stimulants work by increasing the chemical activity in the brain, which is responsible for inhibiting the undesirable behavior of the child ADD / ADHD while increasing attention. These chemicals in the brain are known as neurotransmitters. It is known that two neurotransmitters, dopamine and norepinephrine, have a huge impact on our ability to focus and stay on task, reducing our desire to become overly active. Many children respond to stimulants within the first thirty minutes. These stimulants are orally transmitted to children. Most school districts do not allow, as a policy, for ADD / ADHD students to carry these prescribed drugs with them in class. It is important that the school nurse or school administrator knows about the prescription medication your child is taking at school.
I heard that the ADD / ADHD drug has bad side effects. It's true?
Your doctor will tell you about side effects of ADD / ADHD treatment. It is important to note that any item that we ingest, including water, can have adverse side effects. The physician should monitor the side effects of the prescribed medication your child is on. This means that your doctor will want to hear from you if side effects occur outside of the normal mode for most children. Some of the common side effects for these stimulants include insomnia (insomnia), loss of appetite, headaches, anxiety, and abdominal pain. These side effects, if present, are usually reduced during the first few weeks for most children. Again, tell your doctor if your child seems too sleepy, anxious, or unable to sleep (insomnia) for long periods of time. Your doctor may ask your child’s teachers to complete a teacher assessment scale to help determine the effect of prescribed medication during a child’s school day.
Важно отметить, что стимуляторы были предписаны, чтобы помочь детям справиться с поведением типа ADD / ADHD с конца 1930-х годов. Из миллионов детей, получавших стимулирующие препараты, ни одно из известных исследований не показало, что у детей, принимающих эти предписанные лекарства, наблюдались постоянные эффекты визуализации. Аналогично, то же самое верно для положительных побочных эффектов. Известных исследований, которые показывают долгосрочные положительные побочные эффекты для использования только стимуляторов, не изменяет или не изменяет ребенка во взрослой жизни.
У моего ребенка больше шансов употреблять наркотики позже в жизни, потому что я разрешаю использовать лекарство сейчас?
Исследования в области злоупотребления наркотиками не подтверждают уведомление о том, что дети, употребляющие предписанные лекарства, имеют больше шансов злоупотреблять наркотиками позднее в жизни. Фактически, большинство исследований, проведенных в этой области, показали прямо противоположное; особенно для мужчин.
Помощь ребенку в равноправных отношениях:
Многие дети ADD / ADHD являются импульсивными. Им часто трудно противостоять размыванию или вмешательству других в их социальную группу. Эта импульсивность превращает других детей, потому что у них нет терпения и понимания, что часто требуется, чтобы оставаться другом.
Родители могут помочь своему ребенку, просмотрев и реализуя некоторые из перечисленных ниже стратегий:
o Поощряйте положительные беседы с вашим ребенком о социальных взаимодействиях. Некоторые комментарии могут включать:
«Похоже, Том любил некоторые твои бейсбольные вещи».
«Мне было приятно с тобой пригласить Тэмми и Дженни». "Как прошло?" «Хорошо, я согласен, может быть, в следующий раз все будет лучше, если придет один друг». «Возможно, вы можете позволить другу придумать одно дело, а затем придумать идею».
o Все дети должны нести ответственность за свое поведение, включая детей с ADD / ADHD. Это включает в себя социальное поведение. Когда вы осознаете, что ваш ребенок плохо обращался с другим человеком или действовал ненадлежащим образом, используйте этот опыт в качестве обучаемого момента. Преподавая вашему ребенку извиниться, скажем, «извините меня», когда вы прерываете, платите за что-то, что он или она нарушил или признали ненадлежащим актом, это то, чему должны учиться все дети.
Разве мир не был бы лучшим местом, если бы все люди и дети:
1. Сказал «Привет!». и «До свидания!»
2. Принимал участие в разговорах и использовании предметов
3. Улыбается больше
4. Попросил других присоединиться к
5. Прослушивание
6. Показали, что они заботились о ком-то еще
7. Сказал: «Мне очень жаль».
8. Не смейтесь над другими, называйте имена, действуйте грубо
9. Подарите комплимент
10. Отдохните
Теперь спросите своего ребенка, если они когда-либо делали этот путь к тому, кому они хотели быть их другом.
o Поговорите с учителями вашего ребенка, школьным консультантом и другими взрослыми, которые работают с вашим ребенком. Сообщите им, что вы пытаетесь помочь своему ребенку быть более ответственными за их социальное поведение. Большинство школьных округов имеют учебные программы по социальному искусству, которые пропагандируют эти жизненные уроки. Оставайтесь на связи и общайтесь с другими взрослыми по соседству и попросите честную обратную связь, когда дело доходит до выяснения того, как ваш ребенок взаимодействует с детьми вашего соседа. Помните, ваш ребенок находится на этапе обучения своей жизни. Если вы решите не помогать преподавать эти важные навыки, кто будет?
o Спросите своего школьного консультанта, школьного психолога или школьного социального работника, если у них есть группы поддержки, созданные для обучения, продвижения и обучения своих учеников социальным навыкам. Если это так, попросите вашего ребенка «опробовать» группу.
Я действительно беспокоюсь, что мой ребенок ADD / ADHD не собирается «делать это» в жизни. What can I do?
Перестань беспокоиться! Знаете ли вы, что около 90% всех детей с диагнозом ADD / ADHD закончили среднюю школу. Большинство детей ADD / ADHD не становятся преступниками, не курят и не злоупотребляют наркотиками со скоростью выше, чем другие подростки, и не любят или не любят своих родителей больше или меньше, чем другие дети. Вашему ребенку был поставлен диагноз ADD или ADHD, а не смертельный приговор, а не уголовное преступление, а не терроризм. Итак, прекратите. Начните помогать своему ребенку. Работайте со своим врачом и школами, выполняя следующие действия:
o Оцените вашего ребенка врачом, специализирующимся на ADD / ADHD
o Позвольте вашему ребенку работать с поведенческим специалистом, который способствует поведенческим изменениям, связанным с этим расстройством.
o Поощряйте своего ребенка участвовать в внеклассных и совместных школьных мероприятиях, которые могут включать в себя спортивные состязания, игры и драмы, речь и дебаты, клубы (шахматы, лыжи, математика и т. д.) и другие виды деятельности, которые обычно перечислены в вашей школе & 39; s WebPages.
o Ищите информацию о доступных вариантах лечения от вашего врача.
o Ищите информацию о семейной терапии и вариантах тренировочной сессии от вашего врача.
o При необходимости разработать план 504 с школой.
o Предоставьте ребенку дополнительную академическую помощь из школы или репетитора, если это необходимо.
