When acquiring knowledge, it is best to define the terms before or as they are used. Let's start with the definition:
Bipolar (affective) disorder (manic depression): "mental disorder", showing oscillatory periods of delight and "clinical depression". This is, in fact, a psychiatric diagnosis of elevated and depressive cognition, mood, behavior, and energy level. The clinical term for high spirits is “mania”. The milder form is “hypomania.” Subsequently, bipolar individuals usually exhibit either depressive symptoms or a “mixed state” in which both signs of highs and lows are present. These events “up and down” quickly pass through the “middle” mood zones used by the population as a whole. For some people, there is a “fast cycling” between mood levels up and down. Violent manic episodes may exhibit delusions, psychosis and hallucinations. The bipolar mood range in increasing levels of manic severity is called cyclotymy, hypomania (bipolar-II) and mania (bipolar-I). Decrease in the level of clinical depression - cyclothymia, depression (bipolar-II) and clinical depression (bipolar-I). Clinical depression alone is called "unipolar." [abridged-paraphrased Wikipedia "Bipolar Disorder" entry]
The bipolar continuum (spectrum) is best illustrated orally as follows:
MANIA (BIPOLAR-I)
HYPOMANIA (BIPOLAR-II)
CYCLOTHYMIA (HIGH)
MIDDLE MOOD
MIDDLE MOOD
MIDDLE MOOD LOW
CYCLOTHYMIA (LOW)
Distribution (Bipolar II)
CLINICAL DEPRESSION (BIPOLAR I)
Patient attitudes are constantly changing when they rise and fall in this bidirectional spectrum, prompting leading psychiatry professor John Hopkins, Dr. Kay Redfield Jameson and a patient with bipolar I, to call bipolar disorder "this mercury disease."
“Medium mood” is another day at the office and at home with no reason for sadness or celebration.
“Medium mood” can be the time when you get married, give birth to a child, earn a promotion or win the lottery.
The “average mood” can vary from losing a beloved pet to passing a family member.
Cyclothymia High can be a time of extra energy and focus and total abundance without the use of drugs.
Cyclothymia Low can be a habit of extra sleepiness or insomnia and a somber look.
"Hypomania" is a period of excess energy, high performance, many achievements and dedication.
“Dysthymia” is sluggishness, loss of normal interests, negativity, and general malaise.
“Mania” is a time of grandeur, quick and intense speech, and frightening, unstable behavior.
"Clinical or primary bipolar depression" - complete loss of interests and hope, often showing suicidality
Here are some American statistics:
- Women suffer from severe depression twice as often as men
- 90% of all suicides are the result of clinical depression.
- Men and women suffer from manic depression equally.
- 1 out of 3 bipolar individuals will either try or commit suicide
You have probably seen more than enough lists of manic and depressive visible behavior, but it is important to exist for those listed in the Psychiatrist Bible, DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). The DSM-5 will be published in May 2013. From these basic definitions, we can build a discussion and understand what should be followed. Here are the main "Diagnostic Criteria for a Manic Episode":
- Abnormally, persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood
- Increased self-esteem or grandeur [w / uninhibited, skewed volition]
- Decreased need for sleep, such as a feeling of peace after 3 hours of sleep
- More talkative than usual, or pressure to talk
- Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing
- Distractibility, t. E. Attention, too easily attracted to insignificant or irrelevant external stimuli
- Increased targeted activity (socially, at work, at school or sexually) or psychomotor agitation
- Excessive participation in pleasurable activities that have great potential for painful consequences, for example, a person engages in runaway purchasing spreads, sexual inactivity or stupid business investments.
- Mood disturbance is not serious enough to cause a noticeable deterioration in professional activities or in normal social activities or relationships with others, or to require hospitalization to prevent harm to oneself or others.
- [Giving away money or cherished or valuable possessions]
I included this last bracketed symptom, because it was my personal experience during my bipolar episodes I, as well as many of my collaborators and manic-depressive friends. Although this frightening list is not intended to be used by “chair psychiatrists,” it is useful for identifying and obtaining professional help for a customized friend or family member. Mania reminds me of the metamorphosis that the Incredible Hulk produces. My bipolar episodes are always associated with an obsession: “looking for true love” or “starting their own high-tech energy company.” Oh, the wonders of manic grandeur!
Well, DSM-IV was kind enough to help us understand what bipolar mania is. Here it is also suitable for clinical depression in the form of "Diagnostic criteria for a major depressive episode":
- Depressed mood (can be irritable in children and adolescents) most of the day, almost every day, as indicated either by the subject or by observation of others
- The interest or pleasure in all or almost all events has noticeably decreased most of the day, almost every day (as indicated either by subject account or by observations of other apathy most of the time
- Significant weight loss or weight gain in the absence of a diet (for example, more than 5% of body weight per month) or loss of appetite or increase in appetite almost every day (in children it is considered impossible to obtain the expected weight gain)
- Insomnia or hypersomnia almost every day
- Psychomotor agitation or slowdown almost every day (observed by others, and not just subjective feelings of anxiety or slowdown
- Tiredness or loss of energy almost every day
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or appropriate guilt (which can be delusional) almost every day (not pure self-esteem or guilt for hurting)
- Decreased ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, almost every day (either on the subject or observed by others)
- Periodic thoughts about death (not just the fear of death), repeated suicidal thoughts without a specific plan, attempted suicide or a specific plan for committing suicide
- [Vegetative, catatonic; retarded or loss of motor skills; unable to commit the act of suicide]
Once again, this last bracketed list is based on my personal experience and the experience of many of my collaborators and manic-depressed friends. When all together, all these states up and down can be subjected to psychosis, hallucinations and illusions, which makes the diagnosis of a psychiatrist much harder to do. Bipolar diagnoses are mainly made by psychiatrists (64%), psychologists (18%) and general practitioners (13%). In suspicious cases of mental problems, it only makes sense to proceed to the persecution and make an appointment with a psychiatrist. This specially trained specialist is best able to treat a patient with a mood disorder. There are also “mixed episodes” during which the individual will simultaneously suffer from both manic and depressive characteristics — pure hell. After a correct diagnosis, the patient and the physician will need an average of three years to cure a useful combination of psychotropic (psychiatric) drugs to achieve acceptable stability of the patient's mood, which aims to reduce the frequency, duration and intensity of episodes. These powerful drugs have evil side effects and must be a carefully selected combination of five main classes of psychological drugs:
- Mood Stabilizers
- Antidepressants
- Neuroleptics
- anxiolytics
- Anticonvulsant
When a bipolar patient is manic, he or she feels good and illegally visits a doctor without forcing another person. That is why psychiatrists often diagnose manic-depressive patients with unipolar (depressive) disorder, because the only time he gets to a patient is when he or she feels unwell. Surprisingly, almost 70% of people suffering from bipolar disorder are mistakenly diagnosed on average 3.5 times before dialing the correct diagnosis. A manic person is at a “high” level and feels great - there is no need for a doctor.
Since bipolar or depressive disorders include the relative amounts of neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine) in the limbic system of the brain (this part of the brain responsible for emotions, behavior, motivation and long-term memory), their lack leads to depression, and their excess leads to mania. Neurotransmitters are what transmits electrical signals between nerve endings, and in this case, those of the neurons that are in the brain. Unfortunately, there are no physical tests, no test leads, blood tests, imaging, invasive or non-invasive medical methods to determine the relative levels of these biochemical substances. Bipolar disorder is a physical illness such as diabetes, cancer, and heart disease. Here's how psychiatrists need to reach their diagnoses for patients with a mood:
- Patient survey
- Family survey, significant others
- Creating a case history
- Behavioral observations
- Reading sign language
- Evaluation of speech characteristics
- Combining the results of these presentations with knowledge and experience.
Although bipolar disease can affect any person at any time, it can usually be traced to either the genetic component, or to crippling physical, mental or emotional stress, such as child abuse or PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), which causes a huge amount of anxiety and stress . On the genetic side, children who have a brother or parent with manic depression have up to six times the chance of inheriting the disorder. Other predispositions and correlations in order to have bipolar disorder, have Germanic heritage, high IQ or being an artist or a scientist. Musicians, composers, poets, artists, philosophers, photographers, comedians, TV presenters, sculptors, etc. They have an increased risk of being bipolar compared with the general population. My random study of 277 known people showed that 84% were in these areas and suffered (frustration) mood disorders. I can identify at least five triggers that trigger bipolar episodes:
- Stressors (including major life events); physical, mental and emotional
- Alcohol or drug abuse
- Sleep deprivation and severe circadian rhythm disturbance
- Seasonal change
- Medicinal side effects
When it comes to religion, much of the Christian world believes that those who have mental disorders are sinful, shameful, faithless, weak, selfish, selfish, storytellers, guilty or demons. Or "This is just an excuse, you are trying to get attention." These judgments lead to private reproaches, public ridicule, avoidance or excommunication. The victim's conviction failed when his mind failed. Other important world religions either quarantine or eradicate mental people (defects) using any means possible, including murder. It is interesting to note that the statistical incidence of people's mood disorders does not depend on any particular religious beliefs or affiliation.
Depression is the number three reason for visiting a doctor in America today, and the class of prescribed psychiatric drugs is second only to analgesics (painkillers). Historically, there have been an average of four doctors and ten years to correctly diagnose a case of bipolar disorder. Even today, only 49% of patients with manic depression receive treatment. Most of the reminders who are unaware of their illness unwittingly self-print with the help of “pleasant” drugs, food, alcohol, and senseless (hyper) sex. Failure may be the best friend of the mental patient. Bipolar disorder is very similar to a “roller coaster” mood, with a rapid rise in mania, but slower descents into suicidal depression caused by loss of confidence, dysfunction of identity and neurotransmitter. Our thoughts repent in disturbing speeches, while manic. When we are depressed, we feel jealous of anyone who is not in our place. We must train others to understand us and help us no matter how impossible it is. And we have to live "at the moment" every day. Our only real duty is to avoid mood swings that steal our minds and cause a loss of hope, which constitutes our death wish.
Fortunately, these numbers tend to be better improved due to higher levels of awareness and there are many anti-stigma and discrimination campaigns aimed at the mentally ill today. The stigma of frustration is fueled by popular media characteristics of bipolar individuals as crazy humanistic maniacs with murder / suicide intentions. Stigma means “disqualification and shame”. He alienates his victims, creates for them undeserved prejudices and causes social shame, which causes a powerful blow to those who are already suffering from a terrifying mental illness. Stigma is suitable for the mental patient, as it would be for the heart or cancer! The sufferer considers himself a public "murder" and hides him as best he can. She and others like her often cannot evoke self-esteem and confidence to share their emotional battles. It seems that each social deviation has its equal and opposite form, using the word "phobia". Should those who are guilty of fear of the mentally ill condemn "psycho-phobes"? In my experience, as “average” drinkers and “happy” drinkers, there are both “average” and “happy” people who suffer from episodes of bipolar disorder. Only those who abuse drugs and alcohol are “mean” and violent. In the end, violent people are not born, they are made.
Bipolar individuals, on average, will suffer from 8 to 10 episodes during their lifetime. This is a living hell on earth without treatment. It can only be controlled. The impact on society includes the following facts:
- Manic depression is close to the 2nd highest reason for federal disability benefits
- Unemployment for sufferers of mood disorders is 50% higher than the average in the United States.
- The bipolar life of patients is 9.2 years shorter than the nominal age at 78 years
Because drug therapy often requires 2–3 weeks to begin to show a therapeutic effect, hospitalization may be indicated for the safety of the patient during an episode of a mood disorder. Unfortunately, the “new and improved” healthy attitudes of patients, beliefs, and respectable improved behavioral habits, compared with previous behavior, may actually frighten family and friends and cause separation of paths. Co-dependencies disappear. Outpatient counseling is often required either to prevent this trial or to deal with its effects. New installation can be a great blessing for the patient psychiatrist. Regardless of whether manic or depressed, individual feelings must be adjusted - restored to a stable range. Julia A. Fast described “centered” bipolar life as possible, wonderful, fun and enjoying some talents. I also found that these aspects of stability are true and have reached my cherished state of serenity.
For me, clinical depression, crafty disease, causes the worst suffering. Its simplest definition is “anger turned inward.” A depressed patient must find a harmless, non-destructive way to release these anger demons to block the brakes on dangerously depressing depression.
Imagine waking up after being buried 6 feet below the ground, the complete hopelessness of your screams will be unheard of, unable to roll over in your coffin, claustrophobic. Hopelessness in clinical depression is worse! Suicide easily becomes a viable, attractive option. According to Marybeth Smith, "... I just want to stop the pain." Дикие колебания настроения биполярного расстройства у страдающего не имеют никакого отношения к воле, выбору или воле. С депрессией можно неосознанно начинать погружаться в бездну безнадежности.
«Вы всегда можете думать о своем пути в депрессию, но не всегда можете думать о своем пути [of one]»- Доктор Льюис Бриттон
В этот момент единственным вариантом является либо лекарственная терапия, либо ЭСТ. Поскольку психиатрическое лечение обычно включает в себя только 15-минутные «медицинские осмотры», пациент должен запросить направление для психиатра, который может предоставить «терапию беседы», необходимую для того, чтобы пациент разработал мышление, поведение, образ жизни и множество других проблем. Пациенты должны быть уверены, будут ли их психиатры и психологи связываться друг с другом для создания целостного континуума ухода. Пациент должен учиться навыкам жизни, включая еду, физические упражнения и привычки к покой. Поведение поведения беспорядка является неналоговым и переобучение здоровых физических, умственных и эмоциональных привычек является обязательным условием для предотвращения дальнейшего психического хаоса. Друзья и семья не могут ни сочувствовать, ни сопереживать, никогда не «там».
Серенити - моя конечная цель в области психического здоровья. Я почти достиг этого, устраняя почти самые стрессовые факторы в своей жизни, и он чувствует себя прекрасно. Никакая проблема не отвлекает меня от меня, скорее всего, из-за того, что она уже пережила самое худшее, что может случиться со мной в обеих крайностях биполярной мании и депрессии. В дополнение к психиатрической и психологической помощи являются группы добровольной поддержки, как физические, так и онлайн. Интернет-форумы и сообщества, если их участники остаются на ходу, могут быть весьма полезны для депрессивных и маниакально-депрессивных людей, поскольку эпизоды, врачи, лекарства и т. Д. Хэшируются, и общая точка зрения устанавливается для самооткровения, совместного использования и ухода.
Меня часто спрашивают, есть ли сегодня 1) большее количество психически больных людей, 2) если бары снижаются психиатрическим сообществом, чтобы собрать больше пациентов, или 3) если нас всегда было так много в мимо которых были неправильно поняты, неправильно диагностированы или проигнорированы. Я склонен сказать, что это амальгама всех трех, которые могут казаться упрощенными или «политически правильными». Я говорю об этом, потому что считаю, что все три предложения могут быть легко привязаны к все более быстрому продвижению технологий на протяжении десятилетий на человечество. Но я, конечно, открыт для любых предложений об обратном.
В заключение, «маниакальная депрессия» остается сегодня «горячей кнопкой» среди медиков, средств массовой информации, пациентов и запутанной общественности. Благонадежные веб-сайты и блоги засоряют Интернет как с точным, так и с ошибочным контентом и советами, и эти места должны быть проверены фактами и обсуждаться с осторожностью. Хотя не до академических стандартов, поиск в Википедии «биполярного расстройства», вероятно, является самым удобным и точным источником для среднего инквизитора. Прочитав это сам, этот умственный пациент рекомендует его всем заинтересованным лицам.
