They are very annoying and, as you know, they bother us when we have a good sleep. They feed on blood and often create a buzzing sound that warns us of their presence. This is none other than mosquitoes. The word "mosquito" was derived in Spanish, which means "fly a little." They belong to the largest type of Animal Kingdom, which is arthropods and orders Insecta. They belong to the family of Culicidae. They are often confused with cranes, and the layman flies the chironomid.
The development of mosquitoes is indirect, which means that they pass through the larval stage. Their life cycle includes four stages. These stages are eggs, larva, pupa and adults or imago. Adult females prefer to lay eggs in water, be it a small water tank, water from a pond, or water filled in tanks or a bucket. Eggs, larvae and pupae develop in water, and the total time they spend to complete development is 5-14 days. Egg hatching depends on temperature. The pupae are free-floating stages, and adults leave them and survive for 4-8 weeks.
The mouthparts of mosquitoes are adapted for piercing and sucking the blood of animals, including humans, and only women are adapted for sucking the blood and men. Prefer to feed the juices of plants. Women take blood before laying eggs. So far, about 3,500 species of mosquitoes are known. In many species, the females suck the blood of human animals and, as is known, are vectors of some dangerous diseases that cause organisms that cause disease in humans.
Life story
the eggs
Adult female lays eggs in water. Water may be clear or dirty water or stagnant water, like that present in recesses, and any container containing water. Eggs can be laid separately or in clusters. Eggs can be grayish or black in color and can be equipped with floating rafts that hold them vertically directly on the surface of the water.
maggots
The mouth is well developed in mosquito larvae and protected by the tassels. These brushes help in feeding. The thorax is without legs, and the abdominal cavity is well segmented. The eighth abdominal segment carries the spiracles, which are the main organs of respiration, and in some species-like siphons are present for breathing. Larvae spend most of their time feeding on algae and other microorganisms of the micro layer of water. Larvae, when disturbed, sink to the bottom of the water. The larvae swim with the help of the mouth of the mouth, and sometimes they make jerky movements for swimming. They are commonly referred to as callers. They molt four times before turning into pupae. With each molt, the larvae shed their exoskeleton to increase their size.
Pupae
A dolly is usually called a toggle switch and is comma-shaped in most species. The head and thorax completely merge together, forming cephalothorax, and the abdomen becomes curved. The pupae come to the surface of the water for breathing, and for this purpose they have a pair of breathing tubes. Pupae do not feed. A few days later, an adult appears, opening the lid of the cephalotoxe. The pupa is less active compared to the larva.
for adults
The duration of development of an adult from an egg depends on the ambient temperature. Mosquitoes can develop even within five days, but in tropical areas the normal period of their development is 10-14 days. Body size is strongly influenced by population density, as well as the amount of food present during the larval period. Adult mosquitoes prefer to rest under the tunnels that they build at the bottom of the plant roots. Mating occurs a few days after the release of the pupae.
In most species, males form swarms, and females move to these swarms for mating. Mating usually occurs at dusk. The total life span of men is about a week, and they feed on nectar and other sources of sugar. Women also eat sugars, but they need blood flour to develop eggs. After taking the flour, the female rests for several days, until the whole blood is digested and the eggs are not developed. This whole process is completed in 2-3 days in tropical zones, but it strongly depends on temperature. When the eggs are fully formed, the female lays them and again begins to look for a new host.
The cycle continues until the death of the woman. It seems that a woman lives for about a month when she is kept in captivity, but, naturally, she cannot survive longer than 1-2 weeks. The life span of the female is highly dependent on the humidity and temperature in the region, as well as on the availability of blood flour and the ability to defend against the host when sucking blood. An adult's body size varies up to 16 mm, and body weight can be up to 2.5 mg. the body of mosquitoes is very well demarcated into three separate areas. These areas are the head, chest, and abdomen. The head is a sensory structure that is responsible for obtaining information to perform normal actions.
The head also has a pair of eyes and a pair of segmented antennas. Antennas are sensory structures that sense odors and help in finding breeding sites for females to lay eggs. Males have a lot of thick antennae compared to females, as they help in detecting the smell of the female, and this feature is present in all species of mosquitoes. The eyes are connected and separated from each other and are responsible for the mosaic vision. The head also carries a proboscis and a pair of sensory fingers. Male maxillary tentacles are longer than trunk and fingers are shorter for women.
The rib cage carries three pairs of walking legs and a pair of wings. The chest is the main place of movement. The stomach is the part of the body that is responsible for the exercise of digestion and the development of eggs. The stomach is filled with blood, which is digested within a few days and acts as a source of protein.
Habit for the elderly
Males and females feed on nectar, but in most species the females take blood. Blood meal acts as a source of protein and iron for developing eggs. Humidity, carbon dioxide and other organic substances secreted by the host also play an important role in the life cycle of mosquitoes. Most mosquito species are creamy, which means they eat at dawn or dusk. Mosquitoes prefer to relax in cool and shady places during the daytime and go out in the evenings to take their blood.
They can also bite during the day when disturbed. It is known that the Asian tiger species of mosquitoes fly and feed in the daytime. During feeding, mosquitoes inject saliva into the body of the victim, which acts as an anticoagulant. Females can find their hosts in the presence of a compound known as 1-octene-3-ol and carbon dioxide in the distance. Tokorinchity mosquito species never drink blood, but feed on the larvae of other mosquitoes. Currently they are used as agents for mosquito control.
Mosquito saliva
Saliva, introduced by a mosquito when taking blood, causes a number of physiological mechanisms within the host organism. Mosquito saliva contains an anticoagulant, one vasodilator and one against platelets. Saliva also contains less than 20 dominant proteins. Mosquito saliva has previously been used in the preparation of anti-clotting drugs for treating heart disease. Mosquitoes have the ability to modulate the host's immune system. It has been found that mosquito saliva acts on mast cells and directly suppresses the release of TNF-α. Saliva also increases T-cell mortality and the rate of division in these cells also decreases. It is also found that the proliferation of B-cells depends on the mosquito's saliva.
How does blood and eggs develop?
Digestion of blood and the development of blood are the two most important features in the history of the life of a mosquito. When the blood from the host reaches the abdomen of the female mosquito, the proteolytic enzymes of the midgut become active and hydrolyze the blood proteins into free amino acids. These amino acids act as building blocks for the formation of egg yolk proteins. The activity of trypsin increases after ingestion of blood, and its activity is mainly limited to the back of the lumen of the abdominal cavity. Activity increases up to 30 hours and reaches a maximum at the end of 60 hours. Aminopeptidase is active in the anterior and posterior parts of the abdominal cavity and is active before and after meals. Proteases are active only in the posterior region of the midgut.
Most species develop well in tropical and subtropical regions, but some have also adapted to cooler regions. In warm and humid areas, mosquitoes are active throughout the year, but in temperate regions that overwinter during the winter months. Eggs of a temperate region are able to withstand extreme temperatures compared to warm areas. Water is primarily responsible for the distribution of mosquitoes from one area to another, as the larvae and pupae develop in the water and are transported over long distances along the routes of rivers, seas and other reservoirs. Trucks, trains and other vehicles are also responsible for acceleration from one place to another.
Mosquitoes and diseases
Mosquitoes act as carriers of disease, carrying viruses and other microorganisms. The main diseases for which they act as vectors are malaria, yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya. Mosquitoes can be controlled using organic repellents as well as insecticides. Insecticides are under threat because they make mosquito resistant and are also associated with health. Nymph dragons are natural predators of mosquito larvae. Many copepods also feed on mosquito larvae. Currently, the practice of developing larval fish farming is underway. Many species of fish are used to fight fish, such as goldfish, minnows, catfish, guppies and kibit tamers. Bacillus Bucillus thuringiensis israelensis is also recently practiced as an agent for mosquito control. It is believed that mosquitoes evolved 90-100 million years ago.
Mosquitoes bite people, but they prefer some people over others. Body odor, octenol and carbon dioxide excite mosquitoes. Nonanal is an effective semi-chemical that induces a mosquito to bite one person compared to another. Mosquito bites are visible on the skin surface due to an antigen-antibody reaction caused by mosquito saliva when injected into the body of the victim. There are many anti-itch remedies available today to stay free from mosquito bites. Home remedies are also effective for this purpose.
We can summarize that, despite the fact that mosquitoes are annoying, but they have well developed a strategy for survival in adverse environmental conditions and cause a number of physiological mechanisms in the victim to feed on blood.
